Practical techniques to ship fast, sharp, accessible images
Actionable image optimization best practices covering formats (WebP/AVIF), compression, responsive images, lazy loading, CDNs, caching, accessibility, and SEO for faster pages and better Core Web Vitals.
Overview
Images dominate page weight and directly affect Core Web Vitals, especially LCP and CLS. Efficient images load quickly, look crisp on any screen, and are easy for search engines and assistive tech to interpret.
This collection distills proven practices: choose the right formats, compress with intent, serve responsive assets, prioritize delivery, and integrate CDNs and caching. Use it as a checklist to cut bytes without sacrificing quality.
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Use WebP/AVIF for most photos; keep JPEG as fallback; PNG for transparency; SVG for logos/icons; prefer video over GIF for animations.
Target visually lossless quality: WebP ~60–80, AVIF ~45–65, JPEG ~70–80; strip metadata; compare before/after on real screens and content types.
Provide width-based srcset and sizes; add 1x/2x density where useful; always set width and height to lock aspect ratio and prevent CLS.
Lazy-load non-critical images; exclude the hero; preload or set fetchpriority=high for above-the-fold; use decoding=async to unblock rendering.
Use an edge CDN; ship immutable, hashed URLs with long Cache-Control; enable HTTP/2 or HTTP/3; compress transfers and normalize EXIF/color profiles.
Write specific alt text; use readable file names; include image sitemaps for large catalogs; avoid embedding text in images and define dimensions.
Translate insights from Image Optimization Best Practices into production-ready assets. Remove backgrounds, clean visuals, enhance quality, and ship at scale.